Evidence and sources

Measurements

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Big picture numbers

Structures

• 8CVL
  70S ribosome with mRNA and A-, P- and E-site tRNAs

  One entry with all three tRNA sites filled, an mRNA and a nascent chain. It is the anchor for the elongation animation. X-ray diffraction, 2.3 Å.
• 7K00
  E. coli 70S ribosome at 2 A

  The highest-resolution bacterial ribosome. It shows ions, polyamines and water around the RNA. The primary citation DOI could not be checked with Crossref in this session, so the DOI field is left empty. Electron microscopy, 1.98 Å.
• 7N1P
  E. coli 70S, PRE-C

  Frame PRE-C of one translocation series. All six entries share chain names, so the ratchet and tRNA movement can morph. Electron microscopy, 2.33 Å.
• 7N2U
  E. coli 70S, PRE-H1

  Frame PRE-H1 of one translocation series. All six entries share chain names, so the ratchet and tRNA movement can morph. Electron microscopy, 2.53 Å.
• 7N30
  E. coli 70S, PRE-H2*

  Frame PRE-H2* of one translocation series. All six entries share chain names, so the ratchet and tRNA movement can morph. Electron microscopy, 2.66 Å.
• 7N2V
  E. coli 70S, INT1

  Frame INT1 of one translocation series. All six entries share chain names, so the ratchet and tRNA movement can morph. Electron microscopy, 2.54 Å.
• 7N2C
  E. coli 70S, INT2

  Frame INT2 of one translocation series. All six entries share chain names, so the ratchet and tRNA movement can morph. Electron microscopy, 2.72 Å.
• 7N31
  E. coli 70S, POST

  Frame POST of one translocation series. All six entries share chain names, so the ratchet and tRNA movement can morph. Electron microscopy, 2.69 Å.
• 4V5L
  70S with EF-Tu and aminoacyl-tRNA

  Shows how EF-Tu holds the incoming tRNA while the small subunit checks the codon pair. X-ray diffraction, 3.1 Å.
• 6ND5
  70S with chloramphenicol

  Shows where chloramphenicol sits next to the catalytic centre, at 2.6 A. X-ray diffraction, 2.6 Å.
• 6ND6
  70S with erythromycin

  The macrolide site in the exit tunnel, in the same crystal form as the chloramphenicol entry. X-ray diffraction, 2.85 Å.
• 4V9A
  70S with tetracycline

  Places tetracycline on the small subunit, where it blocks tRNA binding in the A site. X-ray diffraction, 3.2999 Å.
• 1FJG
  30S subunit with streptomycin, spectinomycin and paromomycin

  One entry with three aminoglycoside and aminocyclitol sites, for the drug layer of the small subunit. X-ray diffraction, 3 Å.
• 6QZP
  Human 80S ribosome

  The human ribosome, with four rRNA chains and about 80 proteins. It shows what the drug-free eukaryotic machine looks like. Electron microscopy, 2.9 Å.
• 4V88
  Yeast 80S ribosome

  The first complete eukaryotic ribosome at atomic resolution, and the reference for eukaryote-specific extensions. X-ray diffraction, 3 Å.
• 3J9M
  Human mitochondrial ribosome

  A ribosome that lost 5S rRNA and gained many proteins. It shows how far the machine can drift inside one cell. Electron microscopy, 3.5 Å.
• 1FFK
  Archaeal large subunit, 50S

  The structure that showed the catalytic centre is built from RNA alone, with no protein side chain nearby. X-ray diffraction, 2.4 Å.

References

1. 1Ban et al., Science 2000
2. 2Nissen et al., Science 2000
3. 3Selmer et al., Science 2006
4. 4Rheinberger, Sternbach and Nierhaus, PNAS 1981
5. 5Moazed and Noller, Nature 1989
6. 6Frank and Agrawal, Nature 2000
7. 7Rundlet et al., Nature 2021
8. 8Voorhees et al., Science 2010
9. 9Carter et al., Nature 2000
10. 10Young and Bremer, Biochemical Journal 1976
11. 11Kramer and Farabaugh, RNA 2007
12. 12Voss et al., Journal of Molecular Biology 2006
13. 13Svetlov et al., RNA 2019
14. 14Jenner et al., PNAS 2013
15. 15Natchiar et al., Nature 2017
16. 16Ben-Shem et al., Science 2011
17. 17Amunts et al., Science 2015
18. 18Syroegin et al., Nature Chemistry 2023
19. 19Watson et al., eLife 2020
20. 20Rackham and Chin, Nature Chemical Biology 2005
21. 21Orelle et al., Nature 2015
22. 22Neumann et al., Nature 2010
23. 23Wang et al., Science 2001