Dynein

Kinesin carries cargo outward along microtubules. Cytoplasmic dynein runs on the same tracks. Which way does dynein carry its cargo?

On its own, human cytoplasmic dynein is mostly switched off. What does it need before it carries cargo?

Each dynein motor head is a ring of six ATP-binding units, with a long stalk that ends in a small foot on the track. What happens to the ring when ATP binds?

The closed ring forces dynein's lever-like linker into a bent shape. The head then lands on the track again and its phosphate leaves. What does the linker do, and what moves?

Every breath brings in dust and germs. Dynein motors drive the tiny hairs, called cilia, that line your airways. What do these cilia move?

The cilia in your airways each beat 10 to 20 times a second, all day. Roughly how many motile cilia line an adult lung?

Inside a cilium, dynein arms pull one rail past the next. The rails are tied together, so they cannot slide far. What does the cilium do instead?

In a rare disease, the airway cilia are missing their dynein arms. What goes wrong in the lungs?

Cytoplasmic dynein is not only a cargo carrier. When a cell divides, what does dynein help to do?

Kinesin and dynein pull the same cargo in opposite directions. In a test tube, one dynein complex was tied to one kinesin. What happened?